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Differential cross-modal functional plasticity in deaf individuals: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
Zuo, Li, Wang et al
iScience (2026) 29 (10), 117610 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.117610
Abstract: A manifest condition of brain plasticity is cross-modal plasticity in deafness, wherein auditory-deprived cortices are recruited by intact sensory modalities. While cross-modal plasticity is well documented, the underlying principles remain debated, centering on the functional change and functional preservation principles. To quantitatively evaluate these principles, we conducted the largest coordinate-based meta-analysis to date, synthesizing 47 studies (801 deaf and 880 hearing participants) spanning linguistic and non-linguistic tasks. Deaf individuals exhibited consistent cross-modal activation in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG). The left anterior STG was selectively recruited during linguistic tasks, consistent with preserved language function, whereas the left posterior and right STG were engaged across both task types, suggesting a shift toward domain-general visual processing. Cross-modal activation was lateralized, with linguistic tasks engaging the left STG and non-linguistic tasks the right. These findings support a differential cross-modal plasticity framework, wherein functional preservation and change coexist across distinct STG subregions.
Snippet: A voxel-level threshold of p < 0.001 and a cluster-level threshold of p < 0.05 were used for multiple comparisons correction. All the results were initially visualized with xjView (https://www.alivelearn.net/xjview/), then mapped to the cortical surface using FreeSurfer, and visualized with the PySurfer package (https://pysurfer.github.io/)
Left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex hyperactivation reflects early compensation for emerging social cognition difficulties in multiple sclerosis
Isernia, Pirastru, Cacciatore et al
Frontiers in Psychology (2026) 17 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1905506
Abstract: Background Social cognition (SC) has emerged as a relevant neurocognitive domain in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS), given its impact on everyday functioning. However, the neural mechanisms supporting SC performance in pwMS remain underexplored, highlighting the need for ecologically valid assessment paradigms capable of capturing both behavioral and neural aspects of social-cognitive functi...
Snippet: mental condition) with the physical inference condition (control condition). The results have been localized according to both Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) and Brodmann (BA) Atlases using the xjView toolbox (https://www.alivelearn.net/xjview [https://www.alivelearn.net/xjview]), part of SPM12. C, cortex;G, gyrus;BA, Brodmann Area Atlas;AAL, Automated Anatomical Labeling Atlas;L, left
Disrupted interhemispheric functional connectivity between the bilateral precentral gyri and associated transcriptomic signatures in acute basal ganglia ischemic stroke
Jiang, Lu, Liu et al
Neurobiol Dis (2026) 230, 107628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2026.107628
Abstract: Acute basal ganglia ischemic stroke (BGIS) often leads to motor dysfunction, but the mechanisms of functional reorganization, particularly the underlying molecular basis, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the local and global functional reorganization patterns and their molecular correlates in acute BGIS. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired from 59 patients with acute BGIS and 35 a...
Snippet: Multiple comparisons were corrected using Gaussian random field (GRF) theory (voxel-level p < 0.005, cluster-level p < 0.05). Statistically significant clusters were localized using xjview 9.6, and the corresponding brain maps were rendered with BrainNet Viewer (Xia et al., 2013)
Structural abnormalities in gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid in parkinson's disease: a voxel-based morphometry study
Shi, Zhang, Zhang et al
Neurol Res (2026)
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting multiple brain systems, yet whole-brain structural changes remain incompletely characterized. We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to systematically quantify gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume alterations in PD and explore their potential clinical significance for deep brain stimulation (DBS)...
Snippet: cluster-level family-wise error (FWE) corrected p  0.05 based on random field theory, with a minimum cluster size of 100 contiguous voxels. Anatomical localization of significant GM and WM clusters was performed using the xjview toolbox (https://www.alivelearn.net/xjview) based on the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) atlas
Altered effective connectivity among reward network and triple network in patients with melancholic depression and their associated gene expression profiles
Yan, Chen, Li et al
J Affect Disord (2026) 409, 121911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2026.121911
Cited by 1
AI Summary: In this study, the Xjview toolbox was used to determine the peak coordinates of independent components representing key brain networks, facilitating the selection of regions of interest for further analysis of effective connectivity in melancholic depression.
Abstract: Melancholic depression has more severe clinical manifestations, and its mechanism remains unclear. The deficit of reward network (RN) has been reported to be strongly related to anhedonia of melancholic depression. The triple network, including the default-mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN), and salience network (SN), was found to exhibit abnormal functional coupling across many m...
Snippet: r identifying the ICs representing the DMN, SN, and ECN, the peak coordinates of these ICs were determined using the Xjview toolbox (https://www.alivelearn.net/xjview/). Based on the spatial patterns of the four ICs of interest, a total of 7 ROIs were selecte
Altered long-range visual hierarchical connectivity in internet gaming disorder: reduced V1–LOC connectivity and its association with addiction severity
Tian, Zhang, Wang et al
Front Psychiatry (2026) 17, 1883842-1883842 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1883842
Abstract: Neuroimaging studies of internet gaming disorder (IGD) have primarily focused on reward-related and executive-control networks. However, sensory processing of addiction-related cues, particularly visual processing, may also contribute to IGD. Whether the intrinsic hierarchical organization of the visual system is altered remains unclear.The study included 35 individuals with IGD and 30 healthy con...
Snippet: current sample-specific results. Anatomical localization of each ROI center was visually inspected on the MNI template and verified with reference to the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) atlas in xjView (29). Atlas information was used for anatomical labeling and verification only, not for deriving ROI centers or for data-driven ROI selection. The anatomi
Gut microbiota correlating with glycerophospholipid metabolism dysregulation is associated with brain functional alterations in adolescent depression
Tian, Wang, Lu et al
Brain Behav Immun (2026) 139, 107005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2026.107005
Abstract: Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to depression; however, evidence regarding this association in adolescents remains scarce, and the underlying molecular and neuropathological mechanisms are poorly understood. We conducted an integrative multi-omics study combining fecal metagenomic sequencing, serum untargeted metabolomics, resting-state fMRI, and spatial brain transcriptomics in 160 adole...
Snippet: The xjview plugin was used to visualize the anatomical location, voxel count, and coordinates of brain regions with significant differences. Whole-brain voxel-wise statistics
Sensitivity of the human temporal voice areas to nonhuman primate vocalizations
Ceravolo, Debracque, Gruber et al
Elife (2026) 14 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.108795
Abstract: In recent years, research on voice processing in the human brain, particularly the study of temporal voice areas (TVAs), was dedicated almost exclusively to conspecific vocalizations. To characterize commonalities and differences regarding primate vocalization representations in the human brain, the inclusion of closely related nonhuman primates, namely chimpanzees and bonobos, is needed. We hypot...
Snippet: be consistent, we only included participants who were above chance level (25%) in the species categorization task (N = 23).Brain region labeling was defined using xjView toolbox (http://www.alivelearn.net/xjview) implementing the Aut
Gray matter plasticity associated with secondary trigeminal neuralgia in rats
Li, Zeng, Zhang et al
Neuroreport (2026)
Abstract: This study aims to characterize brain regional structural alterations across distinct time points in a rat model of trigeminal neuralgia using MRI.A rat model of secondary trigeminal neuralgia was established by injecting a talc suspension into the infraorbital foramen. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups, including three experimental groups and three sham groups. This s...
Snippet: Results were visualized using xjview. Analysis using the SIGMA template showed that the affected subregions of the right hippocampus, including CA1, CA2, CA3, and the
Integrating neuroimaging and neuromodulation to understand the mechanisms of cognitive behavioural interventions
Bernacki
Mspace (2026)
Abstract: Mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are highly prevalent in Canada and are associated with disability and reduced quality of life. Cognitive behavioural therapies are among the most evidence-based treatments for these conditions, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying their effectiveness remain poorly understood. This thesis comp...
Snippet: The high-dimensional shooting template was used for registration;forward and inverse deformation maps were saved and modulation was applied. Images were then smoothed (FWHM = 4mm x 4mm x 4mm), estimated, and visualized using SPM12 and XJView (https://www.alivelearn.net/xjview) software
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Fig. 2. Source reconstruction methods, results and ventral model specification.a, The main steps of source reconstruction: cortical mesh creation, projection on structural template, co-registration of EEG signal to the template and maximum intensity projection (MIP) for each participant, allowing us to…
From Miriam Vignando et al. (2026), Nature. Mental health: Deviations in effective connectivity explain different hallucination subtypes in Parkinson's disease psychosis · view figure

Figure 1. Gray matter associations with TMT-B&W-A and TMT-B&W-B performance across the base and fully adjusted models. Abbreviations: TMT-B&W-A = Trail-Making Test-Black And White Part A; TMT-B&W-B = Trail-Making Test-Black And White Part B; Base model = unadjusted; Full model = adjusted education, gender,…
From Chanda Simfukwe et al. (2025), Journal of clinical medicine: Associations Between Trail-Making Test Black and White Performance and Gray Matter Volume in Community-Dwelling Cognitively Healthy Adults Aged 40 to 80 Years · view figure

Fig. 2. Brain volume(s) and spinal cord area in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). a Voxel-based morphometry analysis showed brain volume differences in grey matter (GM, upper left), white matter (WM, upper right) and GM and WM overlaps (bottom) between SCA3 patients and healthy controls…
From Zhi-Xian Ye et al. (2025), Orphanet journal of rare diseases: Associations between CAG repeat size, brain and spinal cord volume loss, and motor symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a cohort study · view figure

Fig. 3. Brain volume(s) and spinal cord area(s) in patients with different stages of spinocerebellar ataxias type 3 (SCA3). a Voxel-based morphometry analysis showed grey matter (red) and white matter (yellow) volume differences in patients with presymptomatic SCA3, disease duration < 10 years, and disease…
From Zhi-Xian Ye et al. (2025), Orphanet journal of rare diseases: Associations between CAG repeat size, brain and spinal cord volume loss, and motor symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: a cohort study · view figure

Figure 3. β maps and LI values in the planning block. (a–c) β maps of participants with LI values close to the median in younger, expert older, and non-expert older groups are shown, respectively. (d) Distribution of LI values for the three participant groups. * p < 0.016. β maps were visualized using the…
From Koki Toyofuku et al. (2024), Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland): Hemispheric Lateralization in Older Adults Who Habitually Play Darts: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy · view figure

Figure 4. β maps and LI values in the calculation block. (a–c) β maps of participants with LI values close to the median in the younger, expert older, and non-expert older groups are shown, respectively. (d) Distribution of LI values for the three participant groups. β maps were visualized using the xjView…
From Koki Toyofuku et al. (2024), Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland): Hemispheric Lateralization in Older Adults Who Habitually Play Darts: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy · view figure

Figure 2. . Region of interest analyses. (A) ROI mask for right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (R-DLPFC) [58 26 38]. A 10 mm sphere was created using the MarsBar toolbox (Brett et al., 2002) and the xjView toolbox (https://www.alivelearn.net/xjview). The image was then projected onto the template using…
From Eric S Jackson et al. (2022), Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.): Activation in Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Underlies Stuttering Anticipation · view figure

FIGURE 2. Increased neural response to RMET minus control condition contrasting NSSI and control groups. The whole-brain analysis indicated increased activation during RMET in (A) the left medial superior frontal gyrus in the NSSI group (−10, 32, 36; Z = 3.98) and (B) the right angular gyrus in the control…
From Hyeri Moon et al. (2022), Frontiers in psychiatry: Neural correlates of affective theory of mind in medication-free nonsuicidal self-injury: An fMRI study · view figure

Figure 4. Source map of N1 (time window: 70~200 ms) to the target stimuli under Erotica in healthy volunteers (A), bipolar I disorder patients with (B) and without (C) hypersexuality (generated by xjView 10.0 (http://www.alivelearn.net/xjview (accessed on 18 February 2022)). Left panels show sources overlaid…
From Chu Wang et al. (2022), Brain sciences: Visual Event-Related Potentials under External Emotional Stimuli in Bipolar I Disorder with and without Hypersexuality · view figure

Figure 7. Whole-brain analysis results of regional differences between HS patients and HC. (A) Horizontal images made by xjView based on the result of VBM. (B) Three-dimensional images made by BrainNet Viewer based on the result of VBM.
From Senlin Chen et al. (2022), Frontiers in aging neuroscience: Degeneration of the Sensorimotor Tract in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy and Compensatory Structural Changes in the Brain · view figure